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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | PATTERNS | AUTHOR | REPORTING BUGS | COPYRIGHT | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
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DU(1) User Commands DU(1)
du - estimate file space usage
du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Summarize device usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for
directories.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short
options too.
-0, --null
end each output line with NUL, not newline
-a, --all
write counts for all files, not just directories
--apparent-size
print apparent sizes rather than device usage; although the
apparent size is usually smaller, it may be larger due to
holes in ('sparse') files, internal fragmentation, indirect
blocks, and the like
-B, --block-size=SIZE
scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., '-BM'
prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format
below
-b, --bytes
equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total
produce a grand total
-D, --dereference-args
dereference only symlinks that are listed on the command
line
-d, --max-depth=N
print the total for a directory (or file, with --all) only
if it is N or fewer levels below the command line argument;
--max-depth=0 is the same as --summarize
--files0-from=F
summarize device usage of the NUL-terminated file names
specified in file F; if F is -, then read names from
standard input
-H equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
-h, --human-readable
print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--inodes
list inode usage information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-L, --dereference
dereference all symbolic links
-l, --count-links
count sizes many times if hard linked
-m like --block-size=1M
-P, --no-dereference
don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-S, --separate-dirs
for directories do not include size of subdirectories
--si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-s, --summarize
display only a total for each argument
-t, --threshold=SIZE
exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive, or entries
greater than SIZE if negative
--time show time of the last modification of any file in the
directory, or any of its subdirectories
--time=WORD
show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime,
access, use, ctime or status
--time-style=STYLE
show times using STYLE, which can be: full-iso, long-iso,
iso, or +FORMAT; FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'
-X, --exclude-from=FILE
exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
--exclude=PATTERN
exclude files that match PATTERN
-x, --one-file-system
skip directories on different file systems
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from
--block-size, and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE
environment variables. Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or
512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is
10*1024). Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y,R,Q (powers of 1024) or
KB,MB,... (powers of 1000). Binary prefixes can be used, too:
KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.
PATTERN is a shell pattern (not a regular expression). The
pattern ? matches any one character, whereas * matches any string
(composed of zero, one or multiple characters). For example, *.o
will match any files whose names end in .o. Therefore, the
command
du --exclude='*.o'
will skip all files and subdirectories ending in .o (including the
file .o itself).
Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, Paul Eggert, and
Jim Meyering.
GNU coreutils online help:
<https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report any translation bugs to
<https://translationproject.org/team/>
Copyright © 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+:
GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/du>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) du invocation'
This page is part of the coreutils (basic file, shell and text
manipulation utilities) project. Information about the project
can be found at ⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/⟩. If you
have a bug report for this manual page, see
⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/⟩. This page was obtained
from the tarball coreutils-9.7.tar.xz fetched from
⟨http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/⟩ on 2025-08-11. If you
discover any rendering problems in this HTML version of the page,
or you believe there is a better or more up-to-date source for the
page, or you have corrections or improvements to the information
in this COLOPHON (which is not part of the original manual page),
send a mail to man-pages@man7.org
GNU coreutils 9.7 April 2025 DU(1)
Pages that refer to this page: tmpfs(5), symlink(7)
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HTML rendering created 2025-09-06 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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