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NAME | LIBRARY | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUE | ERRORS | ATTRIBUTES | STANDARDS | HISTORY | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
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erf(3) Library Functions Manual erf(3)
erf, erff, erfl - error function
Math library (libm, -lm)
#include <math.h>
double erf(double x);
float erff(float x);
long double erfl(long double x);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
feature_test_macros(7)):
erf():
_ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L || _XOPEN_SOURCE
|| /* Since glibc 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE
|| /* glibc <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
erff(), erfl():
_ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L
|| /* Since glibc 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE
|| /* glibc <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
These functions return the error function of x, defined as
erf(x) = 2/sqrt(pi) * integral from 0 to x of exp(-t*t) dt
On success, these functions return the value of the error function
of x, a value in the range [-1, 1].
If x is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
If x is +0 (-0), +0 (-0) is returned.
If x is positive infinity (negative infinity), +1 (-1) is
returned.
If x is subnormal, a range error occurs, and the return value is
2*x/sqrt(pi).
See math_error(7) for information on how to determine whether an
error has occurred when calling these functions.
The following errors can occur:
Range error: result underflow (x is subnormal)
An underflow floating-point exception (FE_UNDERFLOW) is
raised.
These functions do not set errno.
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
attributes(7).
┌──────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬─────────┐
│ Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
├──────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼─────────┤
│ erf(), erff(), erfl() │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe │
└──────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┴─────────┘
C11, POSIX.1-2008.
C99, POSIX.1-2001.
The variant returning double also conforms to SVr4, 4.3BSD.
cerf(3), erfc(3), exp(3)
This page is part of the man-pages (Linux kernel and C library
user-space interface documentation) project. Information about
the project can be found at
⟨https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/⟩. If you have a bug report
for this manual page, see
⟨https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/docs/man-pages/man-pages.git/tree/CONTRIBUTING⟩.
This page was obtained from the tarball man-pages-6.15.tar.gz
fetched from
⟨https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/man-pages/⟩ on
2025-08-11. If you discover any rendering problems in this HTML
version of the page, or you believe there is a better or more up-
to-date source for the page, or you have corrections or
improvements to the information in this COLOPHON (which is not
part of the original manual page), send a mail to
man-pages@man7.org
Linux man-pages 6.15 2025-05-17 erf(3)
Pages that refer to this page: erfc(3)
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HTML rendering created 2025-09-06 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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